Color Printing — things change

… as a place holder. eventually, notes on printing color will appear

Gathering of notations:

Kodak recommends Portra for internegatives. It is pull processed to give the proper reduced contrast. Use 2′ 45″ or 3′ as start point in your darkroom.

The dye impurities exist in most dyes as it is difficult to create a dye that does not impact some of the spectrum outside its target range. For example the cyan dye, which filters out the red light, also filters some of the green light. The color mask is an attempt to correct  that. Slide film resorts to other chemical methods.

The application of this type of coupler to color photographic films requires a knowledge, of the optical characteristics of the colored-coupler images and the control of these characteristics so that they conform with the known practical requirements for producing color photographs.

1 E. Albert, German Patent 101,379 (1899); German Patent 116,538 (1900).

2 W. T. Hanson, Jr. and P. W. Vittum, J. Phot. Soc. Am. 13, 94 (1947).

3 Vittum, Sawdey, Herdle, and Scholl, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (to be published).”

(Hanson, Wesley T., Jr. (1950): Color Correction with Colored Couplers. In: Journal of the Optical Society of America, 40,3, 1950, pp. 166–171, on p. 166.)

US Patent: 2428054 august 1945

RA-4 Printing

use RA-RT developer replenisher for 45 seconds at 100 degrees F.

contrast saturation controls:

You can change saturation and contrast both by use of Sodium Sulfite, pH, and Hydrogen Peroxide. Sulfite and lower pH for down, and H2O2 and higher pH for up. You can also use Citrazinic Acid for down or H-Acid or J-Acid.

Mixing Chemicals

Kodak and Fuji chemicals are interchangeable. However, you cannot interchange part A of one with part B of another. One whole Bleach = one whole bleach.

C-41

The general rule is that what you buy is identified as either “developer” or “developer replenisher.” If it says “developer,” then it is ready to use as mixed. If it is labeled  “replenisher,” this is intended to restore strength to your working “developer.”If you want to mix a “replenisher” solution to directly develop film, it should be diluted and have “starter solution” added {per the directions}.

— Summer 2018 —

Here’s an update with links to Unique Photo’s products and pricing (USA only). Note the new/different packaging of the final rinse.

The first two items are needed to make ~6.5 liters of working solution developer. The mixing instructions are on the packaging (though you’ll have to adjust for proportions). You will have starter left over. The third item is a box containing two bladder bags of bleach and fixer. Use the bleach straight, mix the fixer 1+1 with water. Final Rinse is mixed according to the instructions (~1+100 with water).

C-41 Developer Replenisher ($13.95)
http://www.uniquephoto.com/product/c-41-dev-repl-lorr-tm-5l-ek-kodak-xhaz-hazsp1-832-0608-8231672/

C-41 Developer Starter ($14.00)
http://www.uniquephoto.com/product/kodak-c-41-dev-starter-lorr-1-2l-6601074/

Separate Bleach and Fix ($38.00)
http://www.uniquephoto.com/product/…sing-unit-f2-for-color-negative-film-1173319/

Final Rinse ($4.98)
http://www.uniquephoto.com/product/kodak-c-41-rinse-replenisher-tm-5-liters-8673170/

For 135-36 rolls:
– Developer/Starter: 6.5 liters total volume; use one-shot; capacity: 27 rolls
– Bleach: no dilution, 1 liter total volume; reuse at 10 rolls/liter; capacity: 10 rolls
– Fixer: dilute 1:1, 4.32 liters total volume; reuse at 10 rolls/liter; capacity: 43 rolls
– Final rinse: 5 liters total volume; reuse at 10 rolls/liter; capacity: 50 rolls

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Fix portion of BLIX can be replaced with TF5 or C41 fix — dilute fix to 1/3 or 1/4 volume before adding into part B of blix…

color wheel from Ansco Printon booklet. An early process with simple instruction.

Masking: What Covers What

If at first steps you hesitate, will you ever make the journey? Making color prints is easy, but not trivial. It can be used simply or taken to extreme complexity. This is by design.

Masks are made to alter the color response. Usually they are made to correct for deficiency of colorants used in the practical printing. What was once a labor intensive procedure was made simpler, more automatic over several decades. By the 1950s theory and practice had become teachable in trade-schools to people never intending to go to college to learn linear algebra so they could make color prints.

Alexander Murray, of Eastman Kodak Research Laboratories, co-developer of the Murray-Davies equation was the early pioneer. His goal “eliminate retouching by the masking process” with as few masks as possible. “

Photo-trichromatic printing, in theory and practice by Zander, C. G., author

was an early text about ink on paper. It is a small booklet written by an ink maker and it should be read by everyone new to printing; the coverage of the first solutions to the common problems that remain today will highlight how far we have come.


Some references keyed to printing; the CMYK model.

Austin AC. Photo-Lithography: Suggestions for the Lithographers Which Should Prove Beneficial to the Trade. The National Lithographer. 1923;30(11):25-26.
Albert E. Photographisches Farbendruck-Verhahren. Published online 1899
Albert E. Photographisches Mehrfarbendruckverfahren. Published online 1900.
Bassist E. Retouching for Offset Lithography in Colors. Inland Printer. 1925;74:756.
Bultz SW. New Method of Copying Paintings: To the Editor of the Photographic Journal. Journal of the Photographic Society of London. 1856;3(40):15
Gamble W. The Future of Letterpress Printing. Inland Printer. 1925;74:757
Horgan SH. Process Engraving: A Three-Color Pessimist. Inland Printer. 1922;69:239.
Horgan SH. Offset Printing: Offset Printing’s Future. Inland Printer. 1922;69:368.
Horgan SH. Notes on Offset Printing: Color Correction on Offset Plates. Inland Printer. 1922;69:872
Mertle JS, Monsen GL. Photomechanics and Printing; Practical Information on Platemaking and Presswork by Recognized Procedures. Mertle Publishing Co. ; 1957.	
Murray A. The Masking Method of Color Correction Applied to Three- and Four-Color Reproduction. The Photo-Engravers Bulletin. Published online January 1934:13-21.
Yule JAC. The Theory of Subtractive Color Photography I. The Conditions for Perfect Color Rendering. Journal of the Optical Society of America. 1938;28:419-430
Yule JAC, Field GG. Principles of Color Reproduction. 2nd ed. GATFPress; 2001.
Field JAC. Color and Its Reproduction. 2nd ed. GATFPress; 1999.
An Improvement Process: Photo-Lithography in Color by an Ideal Method with Accurate Tonal Values. The National Lithographer. 1923;39:44. Accessed November 26, 2020. https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/ZTAyAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0