Doing That Dye Transfer Thing

the lazy way

Dye transfer was once the easy way. Then, it became the elite way; now, it is that hallowed way, the queens way, the way of only the enlightened. Really it has always been just another way. A way that I followed, since it was the first way I was shown. In some ways it was my lazy way.

as ez as 123

you only need a matrix(film), dyes, and a blank(paper). If you have ever colored eggs, you have discovered how easy dyeing is. That colored egg isn’t much of beginning, yet it is a demonstration of the basic principles and illustration of the problems. Dyes move freely, stain almost anything, aren’t precise, nor will they stay put. Much like water colors or, hey, any other suspended colorant.

You can still find Kodak dyes, maybe some paper, rarely film. The film will be age fogged, to frilled. The paper will be fine, or moldy. The dyes will be ready to use, unless they were ruined by bad practice. But you don’t need the kodak paper, nor dyes. Those two items, along with the other chemicals are replaced by published formulas.

it will never see commercial daylight, again.

the death of dyeing

What Kodak made for dye printers (aka: imbibtion, wash-off relief, dye transfer) was all those controls, directions, and chemicals, in short, the supplies and instruction. In these days, Kodak is, essentially no-more. Dye Transfer, as practiced today is being done with out of date materials- some (maybe 3) are using matrix film made in a one run resurection attempt. Their is no lab open to the public. Well, there is one place that we hear is open to the public. There are 3 other labs that cater to private clients. The handful of photographers with strong gallery sales.

Why did it die — lack of interest, or lack of ability? It died the way of most commercial items, it was replaced. What was needed wasn’t what You think was needed. What it provided wasn’t what You think was being provided.

the manual labor

dye transfer is an assembly process — it requires hand skill. It is a hand job. Most people who become photographers have little skill with the fine muscles, hence, they push buttons, etc. The best printers I have known had other autographic skill, and that extra bit of imagination to see what the next problem will be, avoiding it with the best dance move.

you can dye

  • you can make, or alter to have the blank (paper)
  • you can make, or find to have the dye
  • you can make, or alter to have mechanicals to roll prints
  • The gotcha is the matrix– but you can make this, and with some luck, I will be able to show you how you can “alter” to make the matrix film.

For now, back to the lab iGor– we have bones to grind…..

These days, dye transfer is a brag board topic. People who never made a print, now, make pretend friends pretending they know how. They are the drooleys.

Actually, there have always been those who made this a brag process; happy to claim it as a friend, even buy it a drink in a bar — just not dedicated to method. They could have gotten there in days, not years. Now, those few who have learned the process this century have made a monks vow: Do it quietly.

Tanning Developers

some use photography to take them into the world. others take the world into photography.
I take photography away from the world. the using excuse

tanning developer. dye+mordant. matrix and blank. These are the key elements of imbibition print making.

Dye transfer works because …

differing thickness of gelatin gives different amounts of dye to transfer from the “matrix” to the “blank.” The gelatin of the emulsion is the same thickness before it is exposed and processed, developed. After development the emulsion is “washed off” providing a relief image. Soft gelatin washes off, melts, at 90F. To maintain an image means hardening the image forming gelatin. This is done by using a “tanning developer.” Tanning being the action of hardening gelatin.

Tanning developers must not stain, only harden the gelatin around the silver site. Practical tanning developer solutions are highly unstable since preservatives, such as sodium sulfite, cannot be used in quantities found in more common developers. The presence of these chemicals react with the oxidized developer reducing the extent, or effectiveness of the tanning action.

The first versions of imbibition printing, wash-off relief, used the principle of a tanning bleach such as a dichromate. Dichromate systems were not as sharp as tanning developer systems, so dichromate methods were discarded before 1950.

  • 1879 JW Swan patented the use of pyrogallol-ammonia developer without sodium sulfite to produce relief images on photographic plates useful for printing processes.

  • Leon Warnerke (BP 1436 1881] to dissolve or etch away in warm water the parts of the image that were not developable in sulfiteless PA developer. 

  • 1906 A and L Lumiera and Seyewetz showed that gelatine could be insolubilized in the absence of of silver halide if a pyrogallo-sodium carbonate solution was allowed to oxidize in air

  • Technicolor [bp 785873 (1957) Improvements in or relating to Dyed Photographic Relived Records, solved the “breakthrough” in the highlights — gelatin too thin to absorb sufficient dye for transfer.


  • Mees and James, The Theory of The Photographic Process, 1966, p.304
  • US 2,415,666
  • US 3,293,035
  • US 3,746,544

Further notes:

  • R-10a needs clearing, otherwise dyes look yellow/brown when using slip-sheet assembly method. [2.20.23]
  • Jos-Pe process invented by G. Koppmann in 1924(?6) was the first commercial process based upon tanning developer.

list of Koppman patents

Koppmann patented using pyrocatechin without sulfite with subsequent wash-off in hot water. Variation was to develop in a non-tanning developer then the unreduced silver halide could be exposed and developed with a tanning developer. Upon wash-off the primary image and gelatin would be dissolved..

Further, use of a ‘dye’ to prevent over-exposure was noticed along with using matrix emulsions “poor in silver.”

Ref to Mixing: